Which process in sexual reproduction leads to the fusion of male and female gametes?

Fertilization is the correct term that describes the process in sexual reproduction where male and female gametes combine. During fertilization, the sperm cell (male gamete) merges with the egg cell (female gamete), resulting in the formation of a zygote. This zygote contains a complete set of chromosomes, with genetic material contributed from both parents, thereby initiating the development of a new organism.

The significance of fertilization extends beyond just the fusion of gametes; it is crucial for genetic diversity in a population. By mixing genetic material, fertilization allows for variation in traits among offspring, which is essential for evolution and adaptation.

Other processes mentioned in the options do not accurately represent this specific event. Gamete fusion, while it may seem related, is a broader term and does not encompass the full biological process and significance of fertilization. Cell division refers to processes like mitosis and meiosis, which are essential for growth and reproduction but do not involve the direct fusion of gametes. Mutagenesis pertains to changes in DNA that can lead to mutations, which is unrelated to the process of gamete fusion and fertilization.