Which molecules are responsible for absorbing specific wavelengths of light and are often colored?

The correct answer is pigments. Pigments are specific molecules that have the unique ability to absorb particular wavelengths of light due to their chemical structures. This absorption often imparts color to the molecules. For instance, chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, which is essential for photosynthesis in plants. Other examples include the various types of carotenoids or anthocyanins, which provide color to fruits and flowers by absorbing different wavelengths.

Understanding the role of pigments is crucial in various scientific fields, including biology and chemistry, as they not only play a vital role in biological processes such as photosynthesis and vision but also have applications in art, food technologies, and even medical diagnostics.

The other options, while all important biological macromolecules, do not have the specific characteristic of selectively absorbing light at various wavelengths:

• Proteins generally serve as structural components and enzymes, and while some can bind to pigments, they themselves do not primarily function in light absorption.

• Carbohydrates are mainly involved in energy storage and structural functions, lacking the properties needed for light absorption.

• Lipids mainly serve as barriers and energy reserves, and although some lipids can influence color (as in the case of certain fatty acids),