Which group of lipids functions as hormones, venoms, and pigments?

The group of lipids that functions as hormones, venoms, and pigments is steroids. Steroids are characterized by their four-ring carbon structure, which allows them to interact with various receptors in the body, leading to different physiological effects.

As hormones, steroids such as testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and reproductive functions. Their ability to easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors enables them to influence gene expression and protein synthesis.

In addition to their hormonal roles, certain steroids also serve as venoms. For example, some venomous species produce steroid-based compounds that can immobilize or affect the physiology of their prey.

Furthermore, steroids are involved in the formation of pigments, such as those found in some species of fungi and plants. These pigments can have various functions, including protection from UV radiation and attraction of pollinators.

Phospholipids primarily make up cell membranes, triglycerides serve as energy storage molecules, and fatty acids are building blocks of many lipids but do not exhibit the diverse functions attributed to steroids. Thus, the unique structural features and functional versatility of steroids clearly define their role in the contexts mentioned.