Which bacterium is commonly used in genetics and biotechnology and is rod-shaped?

Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a rod-shaped bacterium that plays a significant role in genetics and biotechnology. This microorganism is extensively utilized as a model organism in molecular biology due to its well-characterized genetics and rapid growth rate. E. coli is particularly valuable for cloning, gene expression, and protein production because it can easily take up plasmid DNA and express foreign genes.

In addition, E. coli’s genome has been fully sequenced, which allows researchers to manipulate its genetic structure for various experiments. Its ability to grow quickly and produce large quantities of proteins makes it ideal for laboratory use, especially in recombinant DNA technology. This makes E. coli a cornerstone of genetic engineering and biotechnology applications, making it an essential tool for scientists working in these fields.

Other bacteria listed do have their uses in other contexts but do not match the specific criteria of being rod-shaped and having extensive application in genetics and biotechnology to the extent that E. coli does.