What type of scientific approach is used when predicting expected outcomes based on previous knowledge?

The correct answer is deducing reasoning, which is a logical process where one starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. This approach utilizes established principles or previous knowledge to predict outcomes in specific situations. For example, if it is known that all humans require oxygen to survive, one can deduce that a human placed in an environment without oxygen will not survive.

This method contrasts with inductive reasoning, which involves gathering specific observations to formulate a general conclusion. While inductive reasoning can lead to predictions, it does so in a less certain manner, relying on patterns observed from specific cases rather than established premises. The analytical approach focuses more on evaluating and interpreting data rather than predicting outcomes, while the behavioral approach pertains to understanding actions and responses, often in psychological contexts, rather than making predictions based on prior knowledge.