What type of nucleic acid contains the sugar ribose and is involved in protein synthesis?

The correct answer is RNA, which is a type of nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. RNA is involved in various biological processes, primarily serving as a messenger and facilitator in the translation of genetic information from DNA into proteins.

During protein synthesis, mRNA, which is a specific type of RNA, carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Additionally, tRNA is another form of RNA that is responsible for transporting the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into the growing protein chain.

While both mRNA and tRNA are types of RNA, the term "RNA" encompasses a broader category that includes all forms, such as messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. All types of RNA contain ribose, distinguishing them from DNA, which contains deoxyribose as its sugar component. Therefore, identifying RNA as the answer captures all possible forms involved in protein synthesis, making it a comprehensive and accurate choice.