What role does the tRNA molecule play during the process of translation?

The tRNA molecule plays a crucial role in translation by transporting amino acids to the ribosome. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence, and tRNA molecules ensure that the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the codon sequence. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon, allowing it to deliver the specific amino acid required for protein synthesis. This function is key in assembling the protein accurately according to the genetic instructions encoded in the mRNA.

The other options highlight roles that are not directly associated with tRNA. For instance, while ribosomal RNA (rRNA) does play a significant role in peptide bond formation and the structure of the ribosome, tRNA specifically transports amino acids. Similarly, genetic information is carried by mRNA, which serves as the template during translation, while the synthesis of ribosomal RNA occurs in the nucleolus and is unrelated to the function of tRNA in the translation process.