What process entails the transfer of genetic material from one cell or organism to another?

The correct answer, transformation, refers to the process where genetic material is transferred from one organism or cell to another, often resulting in a change in genetic traits. This can occur naturally, as seen in some bacteria that can take up free DNA from their environment, or it can be induced artificially in laboratory settings.

Transformation is critical in biotechnology and genetic engineering, enabling scientists to introduce new genes into bacteria and other cells for research, vaccine development, or producing genetically modified organisms. This process facilitates the study of gene function and the production of proteins and other molecules that can be used in medicine and industry.

Replication refers to the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the same genetic material. While this is essential for maintaining genetic continuity, it does not involve transferring material between different cells or organisms.

Transcription is the process by which the information in a gene is used to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA). It involves converting the DNA sequence into an RNA format but does not involve the transfer of genetic material between different cells.

Mutation refers to a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, which can occur spontaneously or due to environmental factors. While mutations can lead to new traits