What organelle is responsible for the production of proteins in a cell?

The ribosome is the organelle responsible for the production of proteins in a cell. Ribosomes can be found either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, ultimately folding into functional proteins. This process is essential for cellular function, as proteins play a crucial role in various biological processes, including catalysis of metabolic reactions, structural roles, and as signaling molecules.

The nucleus, while critical for storing genetic information and coordinating cell activities, does not directly produce proteins; instead, it contains the DNA that encodes the instructions for protein synthesis. Mitochondria are primarily involved in energy production through ATP synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or use within the cell, but they do not synthesize proteins themselves.