What is the term for a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes?

A diploid cell is defined as one that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, including two sets of homologous chromosomes—one inherited from each parent. In humans, somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. The term “homologous chromosomes” refers to pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, with one from the mother and one from the father.

In contrast, a haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes, as seen in gametes like sperm and egg cells, which have half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells. The terms homologous and chromatid refer to different concepts that do not pertain to the presence of two sets of chromosomes. Homologous can describe a characteristic of the chromosomes themselves, while a chromatid is one-half of a duplicated chromosome that is joined to its sister chromatid at a centromere during cell division. Understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial for comprehending genetic organization and cell biology.