What is the main function of protein synthesis in the cell?

The main function of protein synthesis in the cell is to form proteins using information from RNA. This process is essential because proteins serve a fundamental role in various cellular functions, acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules. During protein synthesis, messenger RNA (mRNA), which is transcribed from DNA, provides the necessary sequence information. Ribosomes then read this sequence and translate it into a specific chain of amino acids, which fold into functional proteins. This process is critical for cell growth, repair, and maintenance, influencing everything from metabolism to immune response.

The other options represent processes that are not directly related to protein synthesis. DNA duplication refers to the replication of the genetic material, which occurs separately and is necessary for cell division but not for producing proteins. The breakdown of carbohydrates is part of cellular respiration, where energy is derived from food molecules, and while metabolism is essential for energy production, it doesn't directly involve protein synthesis. Transporting nutrients, while crucial for cell function, is not the main role of protein synthesis itself, as proteins are rather formed as a result of the synthesis process from the information carried by RNA.