What is a mutation?

A mutation is defined specifically as a change in the genetic material of a cell. This change can occur in various forms, such as alterations in the DNA sequence, which may involve the substitution of one base pair for another, the addition or deletion of base pairs, or larger structural changes in chromosomes. These genetic alterations can lead to variations in traits and may have significant impacts on an organism's development, functioning, and evolution.

This understanding is foundational in fields such as genetics and molecular biology, as mutations are key drivers of genetic diversity and can play a critical role in processes like natural selection and adaptation. The implications of mutations extend to many areas, including the development of genetic disorders, which result from specific mutations that disrupt normal biological functions. However, while mutations can be associated with genetic disorders or influence gene expression, the core definition pertains directly to the change in genetic material itself.